Banswara, Rajasthan
The Arthuna Archaeological Site, maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), encompasses the extensive ruins of the ancient city of Utthunaka. Once the thriving capital of the Paramara dynasty of Vagada, the site is now an open-air museum of history, featuring the remnants of temples, stepwells, and civic structures scattered across the landscape. Excavations initiated in 1954 have unearthed numerous plinths, pillars, and idols that provide deep insights into the architectural and cultural grandeur of the 11th and 12th centuries. The site is distinct from the main standing temples, offering a more rugged and exploratory experience for history buffs.
Excavated Plinths: The foundations of several destroyed temples are visible, showcasing the complex ground plans of ancient Nagara style architecture.
Inscriptions: Numerous stone inscriptions in Sanskrit and Devanagari script have been found, detailing the genealogy of Paramara rulers like Chamundaraja and Vijayraja.
Memorial Stones: The site contains several paliyas or hero stones and samadhi shrines, commemorating warriors and pious individuals of the past.
Stepwells (Kunds): The ruins include ancient water management systems, with stepped tanks that were integral to the temple complexes.
The site confirms Arthuna's status as a major political hub where Shaivism, Jainism, and Vaishnavism flourished simultaneously. The discovery of punch-marked coins and other artifacts links the region to the broader trade and cultural networks of medieval India.
Preservation: As a protected site, climbing on ruins or removing any stone or artifact is strictly prohibited and punishable by law.
Safety: Be cautious while walking through the ruins as the terrain can be uneven and some structures are fragile.
Photography: Documentation for personal use is allowed and encouraged to capture the intricate details of the fragments.
Distance: Located within the Arthuna village area, approximately 55 km from Banswara.
Access: The ruins are spread out; some are near the main road while others require short walks into the fields.
Local transport like auto-rickshaws can take you to the main spots, but exploring the scattered ruins is best done on foot. Mobile network coverage is available.
Winter (October to March) is the ideal season for exploring the site comfortably. The cool weather makes it easier to walk around the extensive ruins. Mornings are particularly atmospheric for photography.